{"id":2389,"date":"2026-09-02T01:03:35","date_gmt":"2026-09-01T18:03:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yourapx.com\/?p=2389"},"modified":"2026-09-02T01:03:35","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T18:03:35","slug":"jfet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yourapx.com\/?p=2389","title":{"rendered":"JFET l\u00e0 g\u00ec? K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, c\u00e1ch m\u1eafc, c\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. JFET l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

JFET l\u00e0 transistor l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng base nh\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n qua collector\u2013emitter trong v\u00f9ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i; khi \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft, transistor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111ang l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 g\u00ec trong kh\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ecdn linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

2. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u JFET trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n

K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i ghi r\u00f5 B, C, E. M\u0169i t\u00ean \u1edf emitter h\u01b0\u1edbng ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi NPN v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o base \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi PNP; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 cho c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Transistor th\u01b0\u1eddng mang m\u00e3 Q. K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u Q1, Q2\u2026 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng t\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

\"K\u00fd
K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a JFET trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\n

Transistor NPN v\u00e0 PNP kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n

NPN v\u00e0 PNP \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ba c\u1ef1c base (B), collector (C) v\u00e0 emitter (E). M\u0169i t\u00ean lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf emitter: NPN c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng ra kh\u1ecfi base, PNP c\u00f3 m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o base. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c tr\u00ean s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m so s\u00e1nh<\/th>\nTransistor NPN<\/th>\nTransistor PNP<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c thu\u1eadn B\u2013E<\/td>\nBase cao h\u01a1n emitter: UBE<\/sub> = UB<\/sub> \u2212 UE<\/sub> d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/td>\nEmitter cao h\u01a1n base: UEB<\/sub> = UE<\/sub> \u2212 UB<\/sub> d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh<\/td>\nD\u00f2ng collector \u0111i t\u1eeb C t\u1edbi E.<\/td>\nD\u00f2ng emitter \u0111i t\u1eeb E t\u1edbi C.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/td>\nKh\u00f3a low-side, emitter v\u1ec1 mass.<\/td>\nKh\u00f3a high-side, emitter v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng base khi d\u1eabn<\/td>\nT\u1eeb base sang emitter.<\/td>\nT\u1eeb emitter sang base.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

V\u1edbi transistor silic, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh B\u2013E th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m quanh 0,6\u20130,7 V \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9; thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong datasheet.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

3. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/h2>\n

BJT g\u1ed3m hai ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p PN t\u1ea1o ba v\u00f9ng emitter, base v\u00e0 collector. NPN c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac N\u2013P\u2013N; PNP c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac P\u2013N\u2013P. D\u00f2ng base v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u00e1i h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t t\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n d\u00f2ng collector; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p B\u2013E.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u v\u1ecf v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u l\u1eafp th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • TO-92<\/li>\n
  • SOT-23\/SOT-223<\/li>\n
  • TO-220\/TO-247<\/li>\n
  • DFN\/QFN c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n
  • Module c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \"JFET
    \u1ea2nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 1 c\u1ee7a JFET d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    4. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed7i ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau; kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean thay l\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • NPN<\/li>\n
    • PNP<\/li>\n
    • T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf<\/li>\n
    • C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n
    • Darlington<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \"JFET
      \u1ea2nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 2 c\u1ee7a JFET d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

      5. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u<\/h2>\n
        \n
      • VCEO:<\/strong> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111o v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/li>\n
      • IC:<\/strong> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111o v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/li>\n
      • hFE t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111o:<\/strong> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111o v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/li>\n
      • VCE(sat):<\/strong> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111o v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/li>\n
      • C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t:<\/strong> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
      • SOA:<\/strong> c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111o v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n do nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/li>\n
      • Nhi\u1ec7t tr\u1edf:<\/strong> cho bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \"JFET
        \u1ea2nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 3 c\u1ee7a JFET d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        6. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n. U l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, I l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, R l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, P l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, E ho\u1eb7c W l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, f l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian; \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 V, A, \u03a9, W, J, Hz v\u00e0 s.<\/p>\n

        \n
        Quan h\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng trong transistor<\/figcaption>
        IE<\/sub> = IC<\/sub> + IB<\/sub><\/div>\n
        \n

        \u00dd ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> D\u00f2ng emitter b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn d\u00f2ng collector v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng base theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00fat.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n chi\u1ec1u quy \u01b0\u1edbc; NPN v\u00e0 PNP c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i nhau.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

        H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng<\/figcaption>
        IC<\/sub> \u2248 \u03b2 \u00d7 IB<\/sub><\/div>\n
        \n

        \u00dd ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> Trong v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00f2ng collector x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u03b2 nh\u00e2n d\u00f2ng base.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> \u03b2 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo d\u00f2ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1eebng linh ki\u1ec7n; kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh transistor \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

        D\u00f2ng base khi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m kh\u00f3a<\/figcaption>
        IB<\/sub> \u2265 IC<\/sub><\/span>\u03b2forced<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
        \n

        \u00dd ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> Ch\u1ecdn d\u00f2ng base theo h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n hFE danh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 transistor \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u00e3o h\u00f2a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 VCE(sat) \u1edf \u0111\u00fang IC\/IB trong datasheet.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng base NPN<\/figcaption>
        RB<\/sub> \u2248 Udrive<\/sub> \u2212 UBE<\/sub><\/span>IB<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n
        \n

        \u00dd ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> T\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 base NPN low-side.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> V\u1edbi PNP high-side ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh theo \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00eanh gi\u1eefa emitter v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c k\u00e9o base.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

        T\u1ed5n hao khi \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft b\u00e3o h\u00f2a<\/figcaption>
        Pon<\/sub> \u2248 UCE(sat)<\/sub> \u00d7 IC<\/sub><\/div>\n
        \n

        \u00dd ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean transistor khi \u0111ang b\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> D\u00f9ng VCE(sat) t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 IC\/IB v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9; c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam t\u1ed5n hao chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft nhanh.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n

        Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i<\/figcaption>
        TJ<\/sub> \u2248 TA<\/sub> + Ptotal<\/sub> \u00d7 R\u03b8JA<\/sub><\/div>\n
        \n

        \u00dd ngh\u0129a:<\/strong> \u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chip t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5n hao.<\/p>\n

        \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bo m\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

        K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111o, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Ura<\/sub> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 Ushunt<\/sub> l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf shunt. V\u1edbi k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u1ecd linh ki\u1ec7n, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a ngay trong datasheet.<\/p>\n

        C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau. Khi ch\u1ecdn linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh th\u00eam dung sai, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong datasheet.<\/p>\n

        \"JFET
        \u1ea2nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 4 c\u1ee7a JFET d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        7. C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u1eafc JFET trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch m\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp t\u1eeb d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00e2ng cao. \u1ede m\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y theo d\u00f5i \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n, mass, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea7u ra v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

        \n
        \n

        M\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/h3>\n

        1. Transistor NPN m\u1eafc kh\u00f3a low-side<\/h4>\n

        Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd:<\/strong> Emitter n\u1ed1i mass, collector n\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i; c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng v\u00e0o base qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eadt transistor.<\/p>\n

        2. Transistor PNP m\u1eafc kh\u00f3a high-side<\/h4>\n

        Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd:<\/strong> Emitter n\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, collector c\u1ea5p t\u1ea3i; k\u00e9o base th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n emitter qua m\u1ea1ch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        3. NPN m\u1eafc common-emitter khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h4>\n

        Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd:<\/strong> T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o base, \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u1ea5y \u1edf collector; \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ra \u0111\u1ea3o pha v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c do m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        M\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ch<\/h3>\n

        4. PNP m\u1eafc common-emitter khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h4>\n

        Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd:<\/strong> Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd b\u1ed5 sung v\u1edbi NPN nh\u01b0ng c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh ngu\u1ed3n, chi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        5. M\u1eafc emitter follower<\/h4>\n

        Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea7u ra l\u1ea5y \u1edf emitter; t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea5p d\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n

        6. M\u1eafc push-pull b\u1ed5 sung NPN v\u00e0 PNP<\/h4>\n

        Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd:<\/strong> NPN v\u00e0 PNP l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u1eabn \u1edf hai n\u1eeda t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u; c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng t\u0129nh v\u00e0 m\u00e9o chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        M\u1ee9c n\u00e2ng cao: \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

        7. M\u1eafc Darlington<\/h4>\n

        Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd:<\/strong> Hai transistor gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p b\u00e3o h\u00f2a v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p B\u2013E t\u1ed5ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n

        8. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n

        NPN \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eaft t\u1ea3i 0,5 A, ch\u1ecdn \u03b2forced = 10 th\u00ec d\u00f2ng base c\u1ea7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 50 mA. N\u1ebfu VCE(sat) \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 0,2 V, t\u1ed5n hao khi b\u1eadt g\u1ea7n 0,1 W. V\u1edbi PNP high-side, ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 theo \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

        \"H\u00ecnh
        H\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tham kh\u1ea3o 1: H\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 JFET. Ngu\u1ed3n: Complete Wireless Design, trang 325.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"H\u00ecnh
        H\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tham kh\u1ea3o 2: H\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tham kh\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 JFET. Ngu\u1ed3n: Complete Wireless Design, trang 331.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
        \"JFET
        \u1ea2nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 5 c\u1ee7a JFET d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        9. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e3 v\u00e0 datasheet<\/h2>\n

        \u0110\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n; ki\u1ec3m tra SOA, \u0111\u1eb7c tuy\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t, RDS(on)\/VCE(sat), \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch gate, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

        H\u00e3y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

        \"JFET
        \u1ea2nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf 6 c\u1ee7a JFET d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

        10. C\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n
          \n
        1. \u0110\u1ecdc datasheet \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang B, C, E v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i NPN\/PNP<\/li>\n
        2. Ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng thang diode ki\u1ec3m tra hai ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p B\u2013E v\u00e0 B\u2013C<\/li>\n
        3. NPN th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn khi que d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf base; PNP th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn khi que \u00e2m \u1edf base<\/li>\n
        4. Ki\u1ec3m tra C\u2013E \u1edf hai chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c r\u00f2; k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi linh ki\u1ec7n song song<\/li>\n
        5. Khi m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea1y, \u0111o UBE ho\u1eb7c UEB, UCE ho\u1eb7c UEC, d\u00f2ng base v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Khi \u0111o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean bo, c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng n\u00fat m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ec9 th\u00e1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n \u0111o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

          11. D\u1ea1ng h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n

          D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/h3>\n
            \n
          • Ch\u1eadp c\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/li>\n
          • R\u00f2 gate\/base<\/li>\n
          • Kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1eaft h\u1ebft<\/li>\n
          • T\u1ed5n hao t\u0103ng khi n\u00f3ng<\/li>\n
          • N\u1ee9t package ho\u1eb7c bong m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • V\u01b0\u1ee3t SOA<\/li>\n
            • D\u00f2ng base thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn<\/li>\n
            • Ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c sai<\/li>\n
            • T\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch d\u1eadp xung<\/li>\n
            • T\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              M\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn linh ki\u1ec7n h\u1ecfng sau khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

              12. C\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n
                \n
              • \u0110\u00fang lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e2n<\/li>\n
              • \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, d\u00f2ng, SOA v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n<\/li>\n
              • Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p<\/li>\n
              • Driver ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/li>\n
              • \u0110\u00fang package v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                13. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n

                C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o JFET tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean bo m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

                C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ch n\u1ed1i song song ho\u1eb7c linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3; khi c\u1ea7n \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n

                Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn cao h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh xung, t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. V\u1edbi linh ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e2n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch.<\/p>\n

                \n

                T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n

                C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o ki\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. [1] Practical Electronics for Inventors<\/strong> \u2014 trang 612.<\/li>\n
                2. [2] Art of analog layout<\/strong> \u2014 trang 48.<\/li>\n
                3. [3] Radio Frequency Circuit Design<\/strong> \u2014 trang 320.<\/li>\n
                4. [4] Integrated Electronics<\/strong> \u2014 trang 229.<\/li>\n
                5. [5] Complete Wireless Design<\/strong> \u2014 trang 20.<\/li>\n
                6. [6] Broadband Microwave Amplifiers Artech House eBook-TLFeBOOK<\/strong> \u2014 trang 232.<\/li>\n
                7. [7] The Illustrated dictionary of electronics<\/strong> \u2014 trang 534.<\/li>\n
                8. [8] Secrets of RF Circuit Design , Third Edition<\/strong> \u2014 trang 134.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/section>\n

                  14. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n

                  Mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng linh ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00fang lo\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec3u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111o ki\u1ec3m an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu datasheet tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                  T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u JFET: k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u, ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1ch m\u1eafc trong m\u1ea1ch, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o, l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn linh ki\u1ec7n thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2380,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2389","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dien-tu"],"yoast_head":"\nJFET l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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